SUMMARY

Ms. Carpenter is a regulatory scientist with expertise in hydrology and hydrogeology. She has extensive experience in high elevation alpine ecosystems, the Great Basin and riverine and tidal wetland ecosystems. She is also a nationally Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control and a Professional Wetland Scientist . Her responsibilities include all aspects of the design and implementation of wetland regulatory permitting, water quality control plans, wetlands delineations, constructed wetlands for water quality improvement and wildlife habitats, wetland mitigation and monitoring plans, best management plans and erosion control, including Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans, river/stream restoration plans, watershed water quality programs, and natural resource evaluations. She has particular expertise in modeling wetland hydrology, both for delineating wetland boundaries and designing wetland mitigation projects. Ms. Carpenter has worked extensively with the classification of fen ecosystems and the restoration of peat soils.

In addition to her technical skills, Ms.�Carpenter has developed innovative permitting strategies for clients with construction projects that involve wetlands. For example, she originated a unique wetlands corridor plan and proposed mitigation bank for the Truckee Meadows area near Reno, Nevada. This area is under considerable development pressure, with piecemeal losses of wetlands attributable to private development and public works projects (e.g., Nevada Department of Transportation construction of the US Highway 395 expansion).

In order to develop this plan, Ms. Carpenter researched the historic alignment of some of the critical surface water bodies in the Truckee Meadows area and determined that restoration of some of these water bodies to their historic alignment within a designated meander belt would serve several purposes including: (1)provide mitigation for wetland impacts associated with one of the major proposed developments in the area; (2)lay the foundation for an entrepreneurial mitigation bank; (3)provide valuable, biologically rich, open space within what would otherwise be a fully developed urban environment; (4)improve water quality in the Steamboat Creek sub-watershed of the Truckee River; and (5)allow some flood control capacity to be developed in a more aesthetically pleasing manner than that normally provided by traditionally engineered structures.

Ms. Carpenter has been involved with the design of golf courses to achieve stringent water quality standards and wildlife habitat objectives. She focuses on sustainable agriculture approach. This involves creating healthy soils by managing microbial populations in that soil. In place of "feeding" the plant with fertilizers, amendments are added to the soil that balance the soils to encourage growth of a healthy of playable turf grass. In essence, soils that are properly balanced (in terms of nutrients) will support grass growth and deter growth of pest species. She work has focused in high altitude areas with short growing seasons. Ms. Carpenter has worked with various Indian Tribes that wish to qualify as States for the water quality standards program. Indian Tribes qualifying for treatment as States for the water quality standards program and States must meet the same statutory and regulatory requirements. Ms. Carpenter has assisted and conducted the design and regulatory permitting to establish water quality standards program, including Tribal participation in the program, provided a baseline water quality program to establish standards, as well as the development, adoption, and approval of water quality standards.

Ms. Carpenter has also been responsible for the design of various wetland mitigation projects, including both seasonal and perennial wetland habitats that includes hydrologic design of both surface water- and groundwater-driven wetland systems. For surface water-driven systems, she utilized various surface water models and snow fences to capture snow fall that would have otherwise evaporated to sustain wetland complexes. For groundwater driven systems, she has employed a series of groundwater flow models to predict groundwater elevations. Several of her design projects have met success criteria prior to the Corps five year monitoring period.

Ms. Carpenter has developed a wetland delineation technique for problem areas that allows the Corps to review project areas under past climate scenarios so that the Corps can evaluate the project site under normal, below normal and above normal rainfall conditions. Additionally, she has conducted several stream restoration projects and bank stabilization projects utilizing a combined Stumm, Rosgen, Hec2 approach where she models the stream sections or reaches with HECRAS and measured Mannings "n" along with other fluvial geomorphological restoration principles. Ms. Carpenter also has experience with many surface water rainfall, water quality and stochastic models, such as Hydrus 2-D, SWMS-2D, HECRAS, and HEC-1.

Ms. Carpenter is also involved in clean water projects in Haiti and Vietnam to promote human health and children's health. Ms. Carpenter provides on-sight construction management for erosion control and best management practices, installation, monitoring, inspections, and permit compliance reporting.

Ms. Carpenter's experience prior to joining Huffman & Carpenter, Inc. includes design work on the Reno/Sparks Wastewater Treatment Expansion Project (Constructed Wetland Treatment Option). In addition, Ms. Carpenter conducted an algal growth potential study to assess effects of wastewater effluent to augment water supplies for natural Nevada wetlands. She was responsible for work plans, field data collection, data interpretation and statistical analysis, and the final study results technical memoranda.

Ms. Carpenter's duties as a geochemist on the Nevada Carbonate Aquifers Program in Carson City, Nevada included assisting in well-site selection, aquifer pump tests, and performing field chemical analyses. She was responsible for planning field trips, site selection, sampling for specialized geochemical analyses, maintaining all chemical supplies and lab equipment, and data manipulation and statistical interpretation for water quality data collection programs.

Ms. Carpenter has also worked with a Nevada utility company in the Truckee and Carson River Systems regarding water rights research for the acquisition and transfer of water rights, including preparation of deeds, leases, and abstract documentation. Her background includes experience in Nevada state water law and western water law in appropriation and riparian water rights for surface and groundwater, natural resource evaluations and environmental impact statements.

Ms. Carpenter has prepared and advised clients with respect to federal land exchanges. Applicable statutes, regulations, and guidelines, include: Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA), Title 43, Chapter 35: Exchanges of lands of public interest within the National Forest System; General Exchange Act - 16 USC 485; Weeks Law - 16 USC 480 et seq.; USFS Land Exchange regulations - 36 CFR 254; and Forest Service Handbook, land exchange guidelines - FSH 5409.13 Chapter 30 et seq.

WETLANDS TRAINING COURSES TAUGHT

University of California - Berkeley Extension
Assistant Instructor. Wetlands delineation techniques using the Corps 1987 Wetland Delineation Manual. The 1987 Manual focus on wetland delineation utilizes the multiple parameter approach for technical delineations of aquatic and wetland boundaries under Federal regulatory jurisdiction.

University of Nevada, Reno
Guest Instructor for the Hydrologic Science Graduate Program, Small Watershed Hydrology Class where Ms. Carpenter teaches on Wetland Hydrology and wetlands delineation techniques using the Corps 1987 Wetland Delineation Manual.

Sierra Nevada College Truckee California
Instructor: Ms. Carpenter teaches a pro-bono one- to two-day wetland regulatory and delineation short course for small California County professional Planning staff. This allows County Planning staff with limited training budgets to understand the various California state (CEQA) and federal policies and programs (NEPA) governing waters of the United States/wetlands. County staff are often the first to see a proposed planning project. Early sound planning efforts serve to protect wetlands and water quality.

EXPERIENCE

Huffman & Carpenter, Inc.    1991 - Present
President, Professional Wetlands Scientist and Senior Wetlands Hydrologist

CH2M HILL    1989 - 1991
Wetlands and Surface-Water Hydrologist

UNR-Reno, Nevada    1989 - 1989
Hydrologist/Statistician for Office of Business and Economic Development

U.S. Geological Survey    1987 - 1989
Hydrologic Technician/Geochemist

Nevada Consultants, Inc.    1985 - 1987
Water Rights Technician

Sierra Pacific Power Company    1978 - 1983
Land and Water-Rights Technician

EDUCATION

• M.S., in Hydrology & Hydrogeology with specific emphasis in the modeling of wetland hydrologic conditions, University of Nevada, Reno.
• B.S., Hydrology Major with Chemistry Minor, University of Nevada, Reno.

CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

APPLIED FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY (ROSGEN STREAM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM)
A five day intensive training course on the geomorphology and the role of the river within the watershed, extrapolation and prediction of hydrologic characteristics, sedimentation, stream classification, stream restoration, and watershed management implications.

INTRODUCTION TO FEDERAL PROJECTS AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION LAW
A three-day training course on the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) which protects historic properties. Section 106 of the NHPA requires special review of Federal and Federally-assisted activities that could affect historic areas, including Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, specifically 33 CFR 325, Appendix C.

ADVANCED SEMINAR ON PREPARING AGREEMENT DOCUMENTS UNDER SECTION 106 OF THE NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT
A three-day training course and advanced seminar for cultural resource/historic preservation that focuses on how to draft and organize agreement documents used to conclude project review under Section 106 of the NHPA and its implementing regulation, 36 CFR Part 800 (Memorandum of Agreements and Programmatic Agreements, and agreement-based determinations of no adverse effect, and other related authorities such as the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and the National Environmental Policy Act.)

MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

• American Society of Civil Engineers - Truckee Meadows Branch
• American Water Resources Association & Nevada Water Resources Association
• International Erosion Control Association #2562
• Society of Wetland Scientists, Professional Wetland Scientist #0001147

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS - PUBLICATIONS

Carpenter, L.A., Dodd, Ph.D., Annjanette, A Case Study: Evaluating Results from Avian Monitoring as a Measurement of Success Criteria in Mitigated Wetlands, to be presented at the Society of Wetland Scientist Conference, June 2007.

Carpenter, L.A., Coston, Laura, Comparison of Avian Monitoring Surveys at a Compensatory Wetland Mitigation Site Against Avian Monitoring Surveys in the Great Basin, to be presented at the Society of Wetland Scientist Conference, June 2007.

Carpenter, L.A., An Approach for Delineating Hydrologic Boundaries of Wetlands by Simulating Long-term Climate Conditions, to be presented at the Society of Wetland Scientist Conference, June 2007.

Carpenter, L.A., and Lemke, Debra, A Case Study: Gauging Various Construction Techniques and Methods Against Overall Success Criteria and Habitat Functions in Compensatory Wetlands, to be presented at the Society of Wetland Scientist Conference, June 2007.

Carpenter, L.A., Design of a Water Quality Treatment System and Meadow Restoration for a Redevelopment Project at Stateline, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, presented at the Nevada Water Resources Association, 2nd Biennial Conference on Tahoe Environmental Concerns, May, 2004.

Carpenter, L.A., An Approach for Delineating Hydrologic Boundaries of Wetlands by Simulating Long-Term Climate Conditions, August 2000, Master's Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, Master of Science Hydrology/Hydrogeology.

Carpenter, L.A., Performance Standards/final Success Criteria - Wetland Mitigation Experiences from the Great Basin and East Slope of the Sierra Nevada, presented at the Society of Wetland Scientist, Reno riparian conference - October of 1998.

Carpenter, L.A., Erosion Control Techniques and Best Management Practices for Construction Activities in Environmentally Sensitive Areas in the Lake Tahoe and Truckee River Watersheds, presented for the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco District, at the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Training Workshop - August 1997.

Carpenter, L.A., McKay, Alan, Fordham, John W., Myers, Thomas, Non-profit Instream Flow Bank to help achieve water quality criteria, Truckee River Watershed, Nevada., presented at the Nevada Water Resources Association - Nevada Water Conference - February 15, 1996.

Carpenter, L.A., Rhea, R.A.,Huffman PhD., R.T., Use of the Disc Permeameter in Wetland Delineations, presented at the Nevada Water Resources Association - Nevada Water Conference - March 14, 1995.

Carpenter, L.A., Rhea, R.A., Broadway, J.R., Huffman PhD., R.T., Comparison of the Wetland Delineation Methodology and the Technical Criteria that Would Induce Wetland Conditions, presented at the Fall 1994 American Geophysical Union conference, December 1994 and the Nevada Water Conference - March 14, 1995.

Carpenter, L.A., Warwick PhD., John, Spinogatti, Daniel, Efficacy of Low Cost Wetland Treatment in improving lower Truckee River Water Quality, presented at the Fall 1994 American Society of Civil Engineers conference in Atlanta, Georgia.

Carpenter, L.A. a Case Study of Wetland Mitigation and Functional Assessment Methodology on Steamboat Creek, Reno, Nevada, Truckee River Watershed, presented at the Nevada Water Conference in Las Vegas, Nevada in March of 1994.

Carpenter, L.A., Dunaway, D., Development, Wetlands, and Watersheds: A case study to integrate multiple objectives utilizing wetland and watershed analysis. Case Study presented at the Nevada Water Conference February 1993.

Carpenter, L.A., Wetlands Regulated on Irrigated Agricultural Lands. Paper presented at the Nevada Water Conference February 1993.

Carpenter, L.A., Preserving Nevada's Wetlands. A Poster Session. February 1991., Huffman and Associates, Inc., Reno, Nevada.

Carpenter, L.A., Isotopic Composition of High Altitude Recharge Waters in Southern and Eastern Nevada, August 1988. (In progress) U.S. Geological Survey-WRI, Carson City, Nevada.

Carpenter, L.A., Thomas, J.M., and Lyles, B.F., Chemical and Isotopic Data from Wells, Springs, and Streams in Carbonate-Rock Terrane of Southern and Eastern Nevada and Southeastern California, 1985-88. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report 89-0422, Carson City, Nevada.

Carpenter, L.A., Briscoe, K., Abstract for the Orr Ditch Final Decree for the USA, Plaintiff, vs. Orr Water Ditch Company, et al., Defendants. Sierra Pacific Power Company, Reno, Nevada, 1982.